Speciality

Near Point Of Convergece

  • One of the most common clinical methods to quantify convergence ability is to determine the closest distance to which one can converge their eyes. This is called the near point of convergence (NPC) and is typically recorded in centimeters.
  • Normal range:-6 to 10 cms






WHAT IS CONVERGENCE INSUFFICIENCY:-

DEFINATIONS:

"This is a condition in which the muscles of the eye responsible for convergence (turning the eyes in) appear to be weak, at least relative to the muscles responsible for divergence (turning the eyes out). However, the patient's eyes remain straight in fields of gaze. This results in "strained" eyes and the affected individual complains of headache, eyestrain, blurred vision, or fatigue with continued efforts at near work. This condition most commonly occurs in teenagers and young adults, though it can occur up through middle age."

SYMPTOMS OF CONVERGENCE INSUFFICIENCY:-

People who have convergence insufficiency may show and/or complain of the following while doing close work (i.e., reading, computer work, deskwork, playing handheld video games, doing crafts, etc.):

  • eyestrain
  • headaches
  • inability to concentrate
  • short attention span
  • frequent loss of place
  • squinting, rubbing, closing or covering an eye
  • blurry vision
  • sleepiness
  • trouble remembering what was read
  • words move, jump, swim or appear to float on the page
  • problems with motion sickness and/or vertigo
  • double vision

SYMPTOMS OF CONVERGENCE INSUFFICIENCY:-

A comprehensive vision is recommended for all individuals who do reading and deskwork -- particularly students and complain of peculiar symptoms
Many undiagnosed children and adults avoid reading and close work or use various strategies to combat symptoms (using a ruler or finger to read, taking frequent breaks, etc.). The typical patient who seeks diagnosis is a teenager or young adult, complaining of gradually worsening eyestrain, headache, and blurred vision after brief periods of reading, and, sometimes, double vision with near work.
Convergence Insufficiency can be diagnosed and treated at any age.

SYMPTOMS OF CONVERGENCE INSUFFICIENCY:-

Pen push up method
Royal Air Force rule [RAF]









Top

SYMPTOMS OF CONVERGENCE INSUFFICIENCY:-

Convergence exercise is to be given like

1. Pen push exercise
2. Exercise on synaptophopre
3. Broke string
4. Dot cards
5. Cat cards :










ORTHOPTICS

  • Orthoptics work with patients of all ages children to the elderly.
  • To investigate, diagnose and treat side related problems and abnormalities of eye movements and eye position.

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE OCULAR MOTILITY SYSTEM

  • EXTRA OCULAR MUSCLES
  • OCULAR MOTILITY

    • EXTRA OCULAR MUSCLES
The six muscles that surrounds the eye and control its movements are known as Extra Ocular Muscles.
There are 4 Rectus and 2 Oblique Muscle.
The primary function of 4 Rectus muscles is to control the eyes movements from left to right and up and down.
The two oblique muscles rotate the eyes inward and outward.










Top

FOUR RECTUS MUSCLES ARE:

  • Superior Rectus (SR)
  • Inferior Rectus IR)
  • Medial Rectus (MR)
  • Lateral Rectus (LR)

TWO OBLIQUE MUSCLES ARE:

  • Medial Oblique (MO)
  • Inferior Oblique (IO)

NERVE SUPPLY TO THE EYE:

  • The Extra Ocular Muscles are innervated by Third, Fourth & Sixth Cranial nerve.
  • The upper division of the Occulomotor nerve (3rd Cranial nerve) innervates the The Superior Rectus.
  • The lower division of Occulomotor nerve innervates the Inferior Rectus,Medial Rectus and Inferior Oblique muscles.
  • The Trochlear nerve (4th Cranial Nerve) Innervates the Superior Oblique muscle.
  • The Abducens Nerve ( 6th Cranial nerve) Innervates the Lateral Rectus Muscle.












OCULAR MOVEMENTS

  • Duction : Monocular movement are called Duction.
  • Adduction : Movement of the eye towards the nose.
  • Abduction : Movement of the eye away from the nose.
  • Elevation : Movemet of the eye Upward.
  • Depression : Movement of the eye Downward.
  • Extortion : Movement of the eye away from the nose in upward motion.
  • Intortion : Movement of the eye towards the nose in upward motion.
Top











OCULAR MOVEMENTS

These are of two types: Versions and Vergennce
  1. Versions : Movement of the eye in the same direction also known as conjugate movements.

    • Dextroversins : It is the Movement of both eyes to the right.
    • Levoversions : It is the movement of both eyes to the left.
    • Supraversion : It is upward movement of both eyes in primary position of eye.
    • Ifraversion : It is downward movement of both eyes in primary position of eye.
    • Dextrocycloversion : In this Superior pole of Cornea of both eyes tilts towards the right.
    • Levocycloversion: In it Superior pole of cornea of both eyes tilts towards the left.

  2. Vergence : Symmetric movements of both eyes in opposite direction also called as disjugate movement.

    • Convergence : It is simultaneous inward movement of both eyes.
    • Divegence : It is simultaneous outward movement of both eyes.











Top

EXTRA OCULAR MUSCLES AND ACTION

MUSCLE NAME ACTION
Medial Rectus Adduction
Lateral Rectus Abduction
Inferior Rectus Extorsion Adduction Depression
Superior Rectus Intorsion Adduction Elevation
Superior Oblique Depression Abduction Intorsion
Inferior Oblique Elevation Abduction Extortion

BINOCULAR SINGLE VISION

  • What Is Binocular Single Vision?
    •

    When the normal Individual looks at the object ,the image is formed on the both eyes saperately; but the individual can see a single image. This state is called as Binocular Single vision.

  • PREREQUISITES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF BINOCULAR SINGLE VISION
    •
    1. Straight Eye
    2. Reasonable clear vision
    3. Ability of Visual Axis

  • GRADES OF BINOCULAR SINGLE VISION

    • Grade 1: Simultaneous Perception
    It is the power to see two dissimilar objects simultaneously. For Example- When the picture of a bird is projected onto the right eye and that of a cage onto the left eye, an Individual with presence of Simultaneous Perception will see the bird in the cage.

    Grade 2 :Fusion
    It consist of the power to Superimpose two incomplete but similar image to form one complete image.

    Grade 3 : Stereopsis
    It consist of the ability to see the third dimension(Depth Perception).
Top












ANOMALIES OF BINOCULAR VISION

Anomalies of binocular vision include:
  • Amblyopia
  • Diplopia
  • Supression
  • Abnormal Retinal Correspondence (ARC)
  • Strabismus (Squint)

AMBLYOPIA

Amblyopia is the clinical term for lazy eye. An Amblyopic eye is normal structure wise,but vision is poor.

TYPES OF AMBLYOPIA

  • Anisopmetropic Amblyopia:
    • It is caused due to large difference in refractive error between both the eyes.
  • Ametropic Amblyopia:
    • It is caused due to high refractive error in both eyes. Hyperopia has a greater chance causing Amblyopia when compared to myopia.
  • Stimulus deprivation Amblyopia:
    • It is caused due to media opacities which prevent the clear image to be formed on the retina.
  • Strabismic Amblyopia:
    • It is caused due to Misalignment of Visual Axis early in the age.

Amblyopia develops between birth and 7 to 8 years of age, the critical period when the eye is in the process of development.
It must be indentified and treated before the child becomes 7 or 8 years old, otherwise the vision loss becomes irreversible.
Top

Treatment
  • Cycloplegic Refraction & full correction of Refractive Error
  • Removing the cause of stimulus Deprivation
  • Correction of Squint
  • Patching of the good eye
  • Pharmalogical Penalization of the non- Amblyopic eye using Atropine eye drop.













DIPLOPIA

Perceiving double image of an object is called as Diplopia. It occurs even when the normal eye is closed(Uniocular Diplopia) or only When both eyes are open (Binocular Diplopia).












COMMON CAUSES OF DIPLOPIA:
  1. Uniocular Diplopia
    2.
    • SubLuxated Diplopia
    • Double pupil
    • Incipient Cataract
    • Keratoconus

  2. Binocular Diplopia
    3.
    • Paralytic Squint
    • Myasthania Gravis
    • Diabetes
    • Thyroid Disorder
    • Anisometropic Glasses (e.g. Uniocular Aphakik Glasses)
    • After Squint correction in the presence of abnormal retinal correspondence.
Top

SUPPRESSION

It is a temporary active cortical inhibition of the image of an object formed on the retina of the Squinting eye.
This phenomenon occurs only during binocular vision when both eyes are open.
However,when the fixating eye is covered , the squiting eye fixes.

TEST TO DETECT SUPPRESSION
  • Worths 4-dots test
  • Four diopter base out prism test
  • Red glass test
  • Synoptophore test

ABNORMAL RETINAL CORRESPONDOUS (ARC)

The fovea of two eyes acts as corresponding points and have the same visual direction this is called as Normal Retinal Correspondence. When Squint develops, patient experience either Diplopia or Confusion. To Avoid these, sometimes there occurs an active cortical adjustment in the directional values of the two retinae In this state fovea of the normal eye and an extrafoveal point on the retina of the squinting eye aquire a common visual direction. This condition is called as Abnormal Retinal Correspondous.

TEST TO DETECT ABNORMAL RETINAL CORRESPONDENCE
  • Worths 4-dots test
  • Titmus Stereotest
  • Bagolini Straight glass test
  • After image test
  • Synoptophore test

STRABISMUS

Normally Visual axis of the two eyes are parrellel to each other in the primary position of gaze and this alignment is maintained in all position. A misalignment of the Visual Axis of two eyes is called Squint or Strabismus.
  • STRABISMUS IS CLASSIFIED AS
    •
    1. Hetrophoria
    2. Hetrotropia

HETROPHORIA
Hetrophoria is the Latent Squint.Patients eye will not show deviation it looks straight. In this condition the tendency of the eye to deviate is kept latent by fusion. Therefore when the fusion is removed the visual axis of one eye deviates away.
Top
TYPES OF HETROPHORIA
  1. Esophoria:-It is a tendency of eye to move towards the nose that is to converge.
  2. Exophoria:- It is a tendency of eye to move outwards towards the temple that is to diverge.
  3. Hyperphoria:- It is a tendency to move the eye upwards.
  4. Hypophoria:- It is a tendency of eye to move downwards.
This all conditions can be observed in Cover-Uncover Test. If the patient has Phoria then in Cover-Uncover test any of above Movement we can observe in the under cover eye as soon as the cover is removed.

HETROTROPIA
Hetrotropia is the Menifest Squint. We can see the deviation in the patients eye it wont be straight.

TYPES OF HETROTROPIA
  1. Exotropia: deviation of eye towards the temporal side.
  2. Esotropia: Deviation of eye towards the nasal side.
  3. Hypertropia: Deviation of eye in the Upward direction.
  4. Hypotropia: Deviation of eye in the Downward direction.











Top

Low Vision

What is low vision?

Low vision is a subspecialty within the professions of optometry and ophthalmology dealing with individuals who have reduced vision even when using the best possible spectacle or contact lens correction available. It can be a result of either congenital disease or acquired factors









Is low vision just part of getting older?

No. Some normal changes in our eyes and vision occur as we get older. However, these changes usually don't lead to low vision.

Most people develop low vision because of eye diseases and health conditions .While vision that's lost usually cannot be restored, many people can make the most of the vision they have

Your eye care professional can tell the difference between normal changes in the aging eye and those caused by eye diseases.

How do i know when to get eye exam?

Regular dilated eye exams should be part of your routine health care. However, if you believe your vision has recently changed, you should see your eye care professional as soon as possible.

Defination of low vision

Low vision is a significant reduction of visual function that cannot be fully corrected by ordinary glasses, contact lenses, medical treatment and/or surgery. Low vision affects people of all ages...in the home, on the job, and at school.

Low vision is a term that denotes a level of vision that is 20/70 or worse and cannot be fully corrected with conventional glasses. Low vision is not the same as blindness. Unlike a person who is blind, a person with low vision has some useful sight. However, low vision usually interferes with the performance of daily activities

Top

Classifying low vision

Anyone with reduced vision not corrected by spectacles or contact lenses can be considered to be visually impaired. The World Health Organization uses the following classifications of visual impairment. When the vision in the better eye with best possible glasses correction is:

  • 20/30 to 20/60 : is considered mild vision loss, or near-normal vision
  • 20/70 to 20/160 : is considered moderate visual impairment, or moderate low vision
  • 20/200 to 20/400 : is considered severe visual impairment, or severe low vision
  • 20/500 to 20/1,000 : is considered profound visual impairment, or profound low vision
  • less than 20/1,000 : is considered near-total visual impairment, or near total blindness
  • No Light Perception : is considered total visual impairment, or total blindness

How do i know if i have low vision?

There are many signs that can signal vision loss. For example, even with your regular glasses, do you have difficulty-?

  • Recognizing faces of friends and relatives?
  • Doing things that require you to see well up close, like reading, cooking, sewing, or fixing things around the house?
  • Picking out and matching the color of your clothes?
  • Doing things at work or home because lights seem dimmer than they used to?
  • Reading Street and bus signs or the names of stores?

Vision changes like these could be early warning signs of eye disease. Usually, the earlier your problem is diagnosed, the better the chance of successful treatment and keeping your remaining vision.

Magnitude of visual impairment

Globally, in 2002 more than 161 million people were visually impaired, of whom 124 million people had low vision and 37 million were blind. However, refractive error as a cause of visual impairment was not included, which implies that the actual global magnitude of visual impairment is greater

Symptomps of low vision

  • Difficulty recognizing objects at a distance (street signs or bus signs)
  • Difficulty differentiating colors (particularly in the green-blue-violet range)
  • Difficulty seeing well up close (reading or cooking)

The symptoms described above may not necessarily mean that you have low vision. However, if you experience one or more of these symptoms, contact your eye doctor for a complete exam. Your eye doctor can tell the difference between normal changes which are common with age and changes caused by eye disease

Top

Causes of low vision

Pathologies which may cause vision acuity loss

  • macular degeneration (the most common cause of low vision; involves damage to a person's central vision making it difficult to read, drive, or perform other daily activities that require fine, central vision)
  • Cataracts
  • Glaucoma
  • Uveitis
  • Corneal opacity
  • Trachoma
  • Diabetic retinopathy
  • Myopia magna
  • Stargardt's disease
  • Albinism
  • Retinitis pigmentosa
  • Amblyopia
  • Aging (Aging is a risk factor for low vision; however, persons of any age may be affected.)
  • Congenital defects (present at birth)
  • Injury

Low Vision Examination / Treatment

Vision and Visual Rehabilitative Services Clinic embraces a multi-disciplinary approach to the treatment of low vision. Ophthalmologists, optometrists and occupational therapists make up the team of health care professionals who will work with you starting with your vision examination, and continuing to work with you to identify treatment options, which include:

  • Optical devices
  • Techniques that will help you utilize your remaining vision.
  • Environmental modifications to maximize your remaining vision.
  • Adaptive non-optical devices,
  • Occupational therapy programs may last as long as several months or be as brief as one session.

What Are Low Vision Devicies/AIDS

Because low vision cannot be improved by more traditional methods (i.e., the use of eyeglasses, contact lenses, etc.) persons with low vision often rely on the use of a number of different instruments, called low vision devices, and tailored equipment for improved vision. Low vision devices, categorized as either optical or non-optical, help to improve visual ability for millions of people everyday.

Top

What Are Optical Low Visual AIDS

Simply stated, optical low vision devices involve the use of one of many types of lenses to improve vision. For example: Low visual aids can be categorized-

  • Glasses- Eyeglasses are not considered a low vision device unless they have a high reading "add" or contrast enhancement tint, but they deserve special mention here since glasses ensure that the person's eyes see the clearest image possible and can easily focus at close distances
  • Contrast enhancement aids- it includes different types of filters, dark felt tip ball pens etc
  • Near visual aids- it includes dome magnifier, hand held magnifiers, illuminated hand held magnifiers, prismo half eye glasses, half eye glasses with high adds, pocket magnifiers, stand magnifier, etc














  • Computers and software - Desktop and laptop computers have advanced the ability. Magnification can be changed in common software such as Microsoft Outlook, Excel, and Word. Specialized software is also available
  • Distance visual aids- it includes different types of hand held telescopes, clip-on telescopes, bioptic telescopes
















  • Electronic aids- it includes closed circuit television , electronic stand magnifiers, magnicam

















Top

Effectively of optical devices-

Adaptation process to visual aids In the patient's first visit, the most adequate options for their particular case are studied, taking into consideration their psychological, cultural, social and work factors, and the degree of improvement experienced with the selected aids, advising the patient on which aids will yield a better quality of life.

What are non optical low visual AIDS

Non-optical low vision devices help bring images closer to the eyes. This may include the use of any, or all, of the following:

  • larger print items (i.e., magazines, newspapers, books, calendars, address books, cookbooks, dictionaries, games, playing cards, sheet music, street signs, etc.)
  • larger, illuminated watches and clocks
  • writing guides
  • Typoscopes
  • Notex
  • signature guide
  • Cheque guide
  • Instruments that provide voice instruction (i.e., computers)
  • Instruments that provide voice information (i.e., clocks, timers, calculators, scales, key chains, etc.)

Other Aids

For the totally blind, there are books in Braille, audio-books, machines and computer programs which transform text files into sound. Low vision people can, of course, make use of these tools as well. Computers are, precisely, fundamental tools of integration for the visually impaired person. They allow, using standard or specific programs, screen magnification and conversion of text into sound or touch (Braille line), and are useful for all levels of visual handicap

Low vision Therapy/ Training

Low vision therapy is any individual tailored tuition in the use of vision or low visual aids

What is Low Vision Therapy

Top

  • It teaches people how to use low visual devices
  • Training in the adaptation and use of the environment
  • Transfers skills from hospital to home
  • Teaches about 3b,s, how to make things big, bold and bright

Conclusion

An ever-increasing number of people are at risk of visual impairment as populations grow and demographic shifts move towards the predominance of older age groups. Potentially blinding eye conditions such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma are increasing as the number of people affected grows. These are non-communicable chronic eye diseases to which the principles of long-term care including issues of cost of treatment and compliance (adherence) apply. We believe that low vision, as a complementary technique to ophthalmology, has a great future, due to the progress of science, the increase of life expectancy, and the increasing need people have to access information.

Where To Get Low Vision Work Up Or Training

At AKSHAR EYE CLINIC we have special trained optometrist for vision therapy and low vision assessment with special equipped and designed low vision devices with all favorable enviourment for low vision work up.

We examine the low vision patient, train them for how to use devices, rehabilitate, and dispense the devices as per the need of patient.

WHAT PEOPLE WITH LOW VISION SEE

  • Normal vision - This picture shows two children playing on a staircase












  • Central field loss - A hazy or dark hole appears in the center of objects. Causes include macular degeneration and optic atrophy












  • Multiple field loss- Scattered dark patches or holes appear around objects. Causes include diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, retinal detachment and trauma.












  • Tunnel vision - Loss of peripheral vision causes a restricted field of vision. Objects in the center remain visible. Causes include glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa and stroke












  • Contrast loss and glare problem- Objects blend in with the background; lights are distracting or uncomfortable. Causes include cataracts, glaucoma, corneal disease and albinism.












  • Some additional symptoms may include- Blurred vision .Objects appear out of focus. Causes include macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, cataracts or corneal disease.












  • Distortion- Objects appear crooked, wavy or doubled. Causes include macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and retinal detachment.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Top

 

remove glasses

Cataract

A cataract is a clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its envelope, varying in degree from slight to complete opacity and obstructing the passage of light.

Although cataracts have no scientifically proven prevention, it is sometimes said that wearing ultraviolet-protecting sunglasses may slow the development of cataracts.

It is removed the most advanced micro co axial phacoemulsification with OZIL Infinity machine and using a top in the line Lumira Zeiss microscope.

Glaucoma
Glaucoma refers to a group of diseases that affect the optic nerve. It also involves a loss of retinal ganglion cells in a characteristic pattern. It is a type of optic neuropathy.

Glaucoma can be divided roughly into two main categories, "open angle" and "closed angle" glaucoma. Closed angle glaucoma can appear suddenly and is often painful; visual loss can progress quickly but the discomfort often leads patients to seek medical attention before permanent damage occurs. Open angle, chronic glaucoma tends to progress more slowly and the patient may not notice that they have lost vision until the disease has progressed significantly.

Our centre is more then fully equipped to detect earliest damage due to Glaucoma with the help of SWAP(short wave automated perimetry), GPA(glaucoma progression analysis) software and RNFL(retinal nerve fibre layer) analysis by spectral domain OTI OCT machine. Each and every patient is routinely screened to rule out glaucoma.

Cornea
It is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Together with the lens, the cornea refracts light, accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power.

Various refractive eye surgery techniques change the shape of the cornea in order to reduce the need for corrective lenses or otherwise improve the refractive state of the eye. In many of the techniques used today, reshaping of the cornea is performed by photoablation using the excimer laser.

Our clinic is equipped with state of the art AXIS 9000 Zeiss corneal topography machine to detect various corneal disorders and Tomy corneal Pachymeter for measuring corneal thickness.Our clinic is equipped with state of the art AXIS 9000 Zeiss corneal topography machine to detect various corneal disorders and Tomy corneal Pachymeter for measuring corneal thickness.

Oculoplasty
Oculoplastic Surgery, also known as Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive, Oculofacial or Eye Plastic Surgery, is a surgical subspecialty of Ophthalmology that deals with the medical and surgical management of deformities and abnormalities of the eyelids, lacrimal (tear) system, orbit and the adjacent face (cosmetic lid and brow surgeries).

Occuloplasty surgical division treats drooping of the eyelids, all types of eyelid abnormalities and Botox treatment for various skin conditions around the eye.

Top
Pediatric Ophthalmology
Pediatric ophthalmologists focus on the development of the visual system and the various diseases that disrupt visual development in children. Pediatric ophthalmologists also have expertise in managing the various ocular diseases that affect children. Pediatric ophthalmologists are qualified to perform complex eye surgery as well as to manage children's eye problems using glasses and medications.The department runs regular amblyopia clinic and squint clinic. The department runs regular amblyopia clinic and squint clinic.

Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy is retinopathy (damage to the retina) caused by complications of diabetes mellitus, which can eventually lead to blindness. It is an ocular manifestation of systemic disease which affects up to 80% of all patients who have had diabetes for 10 years or more. Despite these intimidating statistics, research indicates that at least 90% of these new cases could be reduced if there was proper and vigilant treatment and monitoring of the eyes

Our clinic organises Diabetes awareness programmes for the patients with the help of Retinal surgeon, Pathologist and Diabetologist. The clinic is equipped with angiography, laser treatment and a full fledged pathology laboratory for diabetic patients. The clinic is regularly attended by a diabetologist.

Retina
The vertebrate retina is a light sensitive tissue lining the inner surface of the eye. The optics of the eye create an image of the visual world on the retina, which serves much the same function as the film in a camera. Light striking the retina initiates a cascade of chemical and electrical events that ultimately trigger nerve impulses.

A number of different instruments are available for the diagnosis of diseases and disorders affecting the retina. An ophthalmoscope is used to examine the retina. Recently, adaptive optics has been used to image individual rods and cones in the living human retina and a company based in Scotland have engineered technology that allows physicians to observe the complete retina without any discomfort to patients

LASIK
LASIK (laser assisted in situ keratomileusis)
There are different ways to correct refractive errors like glasses, contact lens and refractive surgery
Lasik is a type of refractive surgery to correct the refractive error

Technology

Tecnonology has emerged like anything, Lasik is completely different procedure than early days refractive surgery like RK (radial Keratotomy),or PRK( photorefractive keratectomy) as it provides immediate improvements in vision and involves much less pain and discomfort

Top

Range (Scopes)

1 to 20 diopters of myopia (depending on corneal thickness)
1 to 8 diopters of hypermetropia
Up to 8 diopters of astigmatism

Pre - Operative Evaluation

  • Complete eye examination by ophthalmologist
  • Age -18 years and above
  • Refractive error or refraction should be stable
  • Central Corneal thickness should be measured to decide whether is it enough for corneal ablation using Pachymeter
  • Corneal mapping using corneal topographer to understand anatomy of each area on cornea
  • Contact lens wearer are instructed to stop wearing 7days prior to Lasik in case of soft contact lens and 6 weeks prior for hard or semisoft lenses
  • An anti-biotic eye drop is prescribed 2 days prior to the surgery to avoid the risk of infections

Procedure

Generally a mild sedative and anesthetic eye drops are instilled before the procedure LASIK is performed in three steps
  • The first step is to create the flap of corneal tissue
  • Second step is remodeling the cornea under the flap with laser
  • Finally the flap is repositioned

Post Operative Care

  • Generally  2 days rest is advised and proper instillations of drops as  prescribed
  • Antibiotic drops are prescribed fro few days
  • Anti inflammatory drops are prescribed post operatively for few days
  • Lubricating drops are advised
  • Darkened pair of shields are prescribed to reduce glare and rubbing of eyes for few days
  • Gymnastic exercises is to be avoided for atleast 1 month
  • Swimming is to be avoided for atleast 15 days

 

remove glasses

Post –Operative Complications

3-6 % patients suffer from some complications within the span of 6 months

Immediate complications which are resolved are more common
  • Sub-conjunctival hemorrhage
  • Dry eye
  • Over and under correction
  • DLK (diffuse lamellar keratitis - Sands of Sahara syndrome)
  • Visual disturbances (fluctuation in vision, startbursts, halos, glare, photophobia (light sensitivity), double vision, ghost images
  • Flap striae
  • Epithelial ingrowth under the flap
  • Displaced flap
  • Corneal infections
  • Corneal ectasia
  • Macular hole
There are some long term complications which are very rare Top
 

Also Visit

Click Here For Video

News & Events

Dr. Nitin Malkan, Medical Director attended the European society of cataract and refractive surgeon's conference at Vienna, Austria where he gathered the latest in formations and techniques invented for the Eye care.

Seasonal Disease

Allergic conjunctivitis or spring catarrh is a very common seasonal disorder in children between 5 - 15 years of age. The disorder can only be suppressed. Cure cannot be offered.

Eye Clinic in malad

Download Brochure